Waveguide Modes

The signal through wave guide is propagated by different modes which are explained as below.

The TE stands for transverse electric mode. When the electric field of the signal is perpendicular to the direction of propagation through waveguide, it is called the TE mode.  In this mode the magnetic field components are in the direction of propagation.

The TE mode is sub divided further in to the following modes.

1. TE Mode

   1. TE₁₀ Mode

      In the TE₁₀ mode the figure indicates the number of half wave length (λ/2) across the broad dimension of the electric field. The second figure indicates that the length of the narrow dimension is less then (λ/2) of the magnetic field.

      The TE₁₀ means that during propagation through wave guide the electric field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It is equal to λ/2 across the broad dimension and magnetic field is less than λ/2.

   2. TE₁₁ mode

      In the TE11 mode the first figure indicates the number of half wave length (λ/2) across the broad dimension of the electric field. The second figure indicates that length of the narrow dimension also (λ/2) of the magnetic field.

      The TE₁₁ means that during propagation through waveguide the electric field and magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation. It is λ/2 across the broad dimension and the magnetic field is also λ/2 across the narrow dimension.

   3. TE₂₀ Mode

      In the TE20 mode the first figure shows the number of full wave length λ across the broad detention of the electric the second figure indicates that the length of the narrow dimension is less than the λ of the magnetic field. The TE20 means that the electric field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

   4. TE₀₁ Mode

      In the TE₀₁ mode the first figure indicates the number of less than half wave length across the broad dimension of the electric field. The second figure indicates that the length of the narrow dimension is equal to the half wave length λ/2 of the magnetic field. The TE₀₁ means that electric field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

TM Mode

When the propagation takes place through wave guide in TM mode, the magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of propagation and electric field is in the direction of propagation and electric field is in the direction of propagation. In TM mode it is also called that magnetic flux is transvers to the direction of propagation.

The TM mode is further sub divided into the following modes.

1. TM₁₁ mode

   As shown in the given diagram that in TM₁₁ mode both the (a) and (b) dimensions of the wave guide are equal to λ/2 of the operating frequency. The signal is carried by the magnetic field components and electric field components are in the direction of propagation.

2. TM₂₁ Mode

   As shown in the given diagram in TM₂₁ mode the (a) dimension is equal to complete wave length of the operating frequency and (b) dimension is equal to half wave length of the operation frequency. The signal is carried by the magnetic field. The signal is carried by the magnetic field component through wave guide. And electric field components are in the direction of propagation.