Secondary Line Constants

There are the following secondary line constants.

  1. Propagation Constant

    Propagation constant is one of the secondary line constant which represents that in which manner the propagation take placed along the transmission line. It is denoted y the letter γ Gama.

    Formula

    1. γ = α + Jβ

    α stands for attenuation constant

    β stands for phase shift constant.

    2. Image removed.

    Here y stands for admitance and z stands for impedance of transmission line

  2. Attenuation Constant

    It is the type of secondary line constant which represents the reduction or attenuation in the voltage and current along the transmission line. It is abbreviated as α Alpha and its unit is Neper/km.

    Formula

    α = R/2z Neper/km

    1 Neper = 8.686 αβ

  3. Phase Shift Constant

    It is the constant which represents the change in the phase of voltage and current along the transmission line. It is abbreviated as β and its unit is radian/km.

    Decibel

    1 Radian = 57.3 dB

    Formula

    Phase Shift Constant Formula

  4. Phase Velocity

    The phase velocity represents the velocity of electromagnetic waves through the transmission line. It is denoted by Vp. The velocity of E.M waves in free space is 3 X 108 m/sec. other than the free space when the propagation of E.M waves take place. Its velocity decreases. It never exceeds then the velocity of light.

    Formula

    Vp = λf   km/sec

    Vp stands for Phase Velocity

    λ stands for wavelength

    f stands for frequency of E.M waves.

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    Velocity Factor

    It is the ratio between the velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space and other mediums along transmission line. It is denoted by Vf

    Formula

    Vf = VL/VC

    Here Vf stands for velocity factor.

    VL stands for velocity of electromagnetic waves in other medium

    VC stands for velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space.

  6. Wave Length

    The wave length can define by the following ways.

    • The distance covered by one cycle of the wave travelling along the transmission line is known as wavelength for that frequency the E.M waves
    • The distance between two success peaks of the positive half cycles or negative half cycle along the surface of the transmission line is known as wave length.
    • The 360 degree complete revolution along transmission line for the electromagnetic waves is called its wave length.
    • The distance covered by 2π radius when its phase changes along the transmission line is called the wave length of the E.M wave for that particular frequency.

    λ = 2π/β    meter

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